1994, 4 April, Sanchi Stupa 5 Rs Brown MNH - watermark.

1994, 4 April, Sanchi  Stupa 

Sanchi Stupa 5 Rs Brown 4 April 1994 MNH - watermark.

Text                                     : Sanchi Stupa 5 Rs Brown 4 April 1994 MNH - watermark.

Condition                             :MNH

Stamp Issue Date	:	04/04/1994
Postage Stamp Denomination	:	5.00
Postal Stamp Serial Number	:	1575
Postal Stamp Name	:	SANCHI STUPA (WATER MARK TO UP RIGHT)
Stamp Currency	:	P
Stamp Type	:	DEFINITIVE
Stamp Language	:	English
Indian Stamp's Color	:	Multicolour

Scott number:	1482
Stanley Gibbons number:	1576

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          Sanchi

 Sanchi is a small village in Raisen District of the state of Madhya Pradesh, India, it is located 46 km north  east of Bhopal, and 10 km from Besnagar and Vidisha in the central part of the state of Madhya Pradesh.  Known for its "Stupas", it is the location of several Buddhist monuments dating from the 3rd century BCE  to the 12th CE and is one of the important places of Buddhist pilgrimage. It is a nagar panchayat in Raisen  district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Toranas surround the Stupa and they each represent love,  peace, trust, and courage. This world heritage site is well maintained and is open to public viewing from  8:00 AM to 5:00 PM. It takes about an hour and a half for a non-research visit of the site. Photography is  allowed and audio guides are available.

 The 'Great Stupa' at Sanchi is the oldest stone structure in India^[1] and was originally commissioned by  the emperorAshoka the Great in the 3rd century BCE. Its nucleus was a simple hemispherical brick  structure built over the relics of theBuddha. It was crowned by the chatra, a parasol-like structure  symbolising high rank, which was intended to honour and shelter the relics. The construction work of this  stupa was overseen was Ashoka's wife, Devi herself, who was the daughter of a merchant of Vidisha.  Sanchi  was also her birthplace as well as the venue of her and Ashoka's wedding. In the 1st century BCE,  four  profusely carved ornamental gateways and a balustrade encircling the whole structure was added.

                    Etymology of Sanchi 

 In Mahavamsa the site is referred to as Chetiyagiri, which was visited by Mahinda and his mother Devi.  Early votive inscription refer to the pace as Kakanaya. In the Gupta period it was termed Kakanada-Bota,  and Bots-Shri-Parvat in the 7th century.^[2]. An adjacent village is still called kanakheda. Sanchi might  have originated from Sanskrit and Pali word Sanch meaning To Measure. In Hindi,  however Sanchi or Sancha means for Moulds of Stones.

2000, Leopard Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) India 5.00 ₨ MNH

2000, Leopard Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) India 

2000, Leopard Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) India 5.00 ₨ MNH

Text:               Leopard Cat  India 5.00 
Condition:       MNH

Series:

Wildlife

Tags:

Animals(Fauna)  Cats  

Mammals

Issued on:

2000-04-30

Format:

Stamp

Emission:

Definitive

Perforation:

comb 13

Printing:

Photogravure

Size:

20 x 32 mm

Colors:

Black brown | Ocher

Face value:

5₨

Watermark:

Wm. 5 Ashoka Column 

(multiple)

Catalog codes:

Mi:IN 1759, Sn:IN 1825, S

g:IN 1928

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The leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) is a small wild cat of South and East Asia. Since 2002 it has been listed as Least Concern by IUCN as it is widely distributed but threatened by habitat loss and hunting in parts of its range. There are twelve leopard cat subspecies, which differ widely in appearance.^[2]

The leopard cat's name is derived from the leopard-like spots prevalent in all subspecies, but its relation to the leopard is distant.

Characteristics

Leopard cats are about the size of a domestic cat, but more slender with longer legs and well-defined webs between the toes. Their small head is marked with two prominent dark stripes, their short and narrow muzzle white. There are two dark stripes running from the eyes to the ears, and smaller white streaks running from the eyes to the nose. The backs of their moderately long and rounded ears are black with a central white spot. Body and limbs are marked with black spots of varying size and color, and along the back are two to four rows of elongated spots. The tail is about half the size of their head-body-length and spotted with a few indistinct rings near the black tip. The background color of their spotted fur is tawny with a white chest and belly. But in their huge range, they vary so much in coloration and size of spots as well as in body size and weight that initially they were thought to be several different species. The fur color is yellowish brown in the southern populations, but pale silver-grey in the northern ones. The black markings may be spotted, rosetted, or even forming dotted streaks, depending on the subspecies. In the tropics, leopard cats weigh 0.55 to 3.8 kg (1.2 to 8.4 lb), have a head-body-length of 38.8 to 66 cm (15.3 to 26 in) with a 17.2 to 31 cm (6.8 to 12 in) long tail. In northern China and Siberia, they weigh up to 7.1 kg (16 lb), and have a head-body-length of up to 75 cm (30 in); generally, they put on weight before winter and become thinner until spring.^[3] Shoulder height is about 41 cm (16 in).

Distribution and habitat

Leopard cats are the most widely distributed Asian small cats. Their range extends from the Amur region in the Russian Far East over the Korean Peninsula, China, Indochina, the Indian Subcontinent, to the West in northern Pakistan, and to the south in the Philippines and the Sunda islands of Indonesia. They are found in agriculturally used areas but prefer forested habitats. They live in tropical evergreen rain forests and plantations at sea level, in subtropical deciduous and coniferous forests in the foothills of the Himalayas at altitudes above 1,000 m (3,300 ft).^[3]

In 2009, a leopard cat was camera trapped in Nepal’s Makalu-Barun National Park at an altitude of 3,254 m (10,676 ft). At least six individuals inhabit the survey area, which is dominated by associations of rhododendron, oak and maple.^[4]

In the northeast of their range they live close to rivers, valleys and in ravine forests, but avoid areas with more than 10 cm (3.9 in) of snowfall.^[5] They are rare in Pakistan’s arid treeless areas.^[6] In Afghanistan, they were reported in the 1970s from Jalalkot and Norgul in the Kunar Valley, and the Waygul forest of Dare Pech.^[7]

In Sabah’s Tabin Wildlife Reserve leopard cats had average home ranges of 3.5 km² (1.4 sq mi).^[8] In Thailand’s Phu Khieu Wildlife Reserve 20 leopard cats were radio-collared between 1999 and 2003. Home ranges of males ranged from 2.2 km² (0.85 sq mi) to 28.9 km² (11.2 sq mi), and of the six females from 4.4 km² (1.7 sq mi) to 37.1 km² (14.3 sq mi)

2001, Bhagwan Mahavira 2600th Janm Kalyanak India INR 3 MNH

2001, Bhagwan Mahavira 2600th Janm Kalyanak India

2001, Bhagwan Mahavira 2600th Janm Kalyanak India INR 3  MNH

           Text                             : 2001, Bhagwan Mahavira 2600th Janm Kalyanak India INR 3  
           Condition                     :  MNH

Stamp Issue Date	:	06/04/2001
Postage Stamp Denomination	:	3.00
Postal Stamp Serial Number	:	1995
Postal Stamp Name	:	BHAGWAN MAHAVIRA 2600TH JANM KALYANAK
Stamp Currency	:	R
Stamp Type	:	COMMEMORATIVE
Stamp Language	:	English
Stamp Overall Size	:	2.90 X 3.91 cms
Postal Stamp Print Size	:	2.54 X 3.5 cms.
Number of Stamps Per Sheet	:	40
Stamp Perforations	:	13 x 13
Postal Stamp Shape	:	Vertical
Postage Stamp Paper	:	Imported un w/m stamp paper
Indian Stamp Process	:	Photo Offset
Number of stamps printed	:	3 million
Stamp Printed At	:	Madras Security Printers Ltd
Indian Stamp's Color	:	Multicolour

Catalog codes:

Sg: IN 1995

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BHAGWAN MAHAVIRA  THE 24TH TIRTHANKARA OF THE GREAT JAIN TRADITION WAS BORN IN A ROYAL FAMILY IN THE DISTRICT OF VAISHALI IN BIHAR. HIS TEACHING HAVE AN ENDURING RELEVANCE AND IF PUT INTO PRACTICE, THEY WILL NOT ONLY ADD MEANING TO THE LIFE OF INDIVIDUALS, BUT ALSO MAKE THE WORLD A MUCH BETTER PLACE TO LIVE IN. A POSTAGE STAMP ISSUED TO MARK HIS 2600TH BIRTH ANNIVERSARY.

This stamp depicts the unique symbol summarising Jain teachings of AHIMSA PARAMO DHARMA adopted with the words PARASPAROPAGRAHO JIVANAM  by all Jain groups.

2001, Painted Stork India INR 4.00 MNH

2001, Painted Stork India

2001, Painted Stork India INR 4.00 MNH

Text:                                                                         Painted Stork India 400

Condition:                                                              MNH

Title:	Stork
Face value:	4.00
Country/area:	India
Year:	2001
Set:	2001 Ooievaar
Stamp number in set:
Basic colour:	Brown
Exact colour:	Brown ochre
Usage:	Definitive
Type:	Set, Stamp
Theme:	Animals

Perforation:	K 12 : 13
Watermark:
Luminescence:
Printing:	Photogravure

Michel number:	1851
Yvert number:
Scott number:
Stanley Gibbons number:	1927

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Keoladeo Ghana Bird Sanctuary, Bharatpur, Rajasthan is one of the most spectacular water-bird sanctuaries in the world and offers a magnificent display of indigenous breeding birds and winter migrant. Thee sub-tropical climate in thee sanctuary together with its extensive aquatic vegetation and profusion of trees provide ideal conditions for nesting. Soon after the south-west monsoon, Indian water-birds like cormorants, darters (snake-birds), spoonbills, white ibises, egrets, the grey heron, the painted stork, the open billed stork began to nest usually in congested, mixed colonies, on trees partly submerged in water. The nesting colonies are mainly sited in the hundreds of acacia (babul) trees that dot the marsh. By the time the north-east monsoon and the winter arrive, these birds have raised several broods and generally reached the end of their strenuous breeding enterprise. They are no free to fly over to feeding grounds close by or ft away. In winter, migratory birds arrive from regions as distant as Russia (Siberia) and northern Europe by November. The magnificent Siberian crane and a variety of duck, geese, sandpipers, plovers and others descend in vast numbers on the large, shallow sheets of water in Ghana and spend a few months around these feeding grounds, wintering with us. They return to their homes in the cold north by the end of February. Some indigenous water-birds that have completed their breeding enterprise elsewhere in India also migrate to the Ghana Sanctuary. For instance, among the three kinds of replicates are migrants from outside the country, but the third, the grey pelican, breeds in India itself. The indigenous birds commence their nesting enterprise by mid-September and depart by about March. In view of the wide range and the large numbers of water-birds found in the Ghana Bird Sanctuary, the well-known National Audubon Society of U.S.A. has chosen this Sanctuary to hold its Ecology Workshop from February 9 to 11, 1976. The P & T Department is happy to bring out a special postage stamp on the Ghana Bird Sanctuary in Bharatpur to mark the occasion.

2001, Subhas Chandra Bose India 1Re. MNH watermark

2001, Subhas Chandra Bose  India 

India Subhas Chandra Bose 1Re. MNH 2001 watermark

Text:                India Subhas Chandra Bose 1Re. MNH 2001 watermark

Condition:        MNH

Series:              Personalities

Tags:

Freedom Fighters

Issued on:

2001-01-23

Format:

Stamp

Emission:

Definitive

Perforation:

comb 13

Printing:

Photogravure

Colors:

Ocher brown

Face value:

1₨

Watermark:

Wm. 5 Ashoka Column
 (multiple)

Catalog codes:     Mi: IN 1812, Sg: IN 1962
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Subhas Chandra Bose

Born: January 23, 1897
Died: August 18, 1945
Achievements: Passed Indian Civil Services Exam; elected Congress President in 1938 and 1939; formed a new party All India Forward block; organized Azad Hind Fauj to overthrow British Empire from India.

Subhas Chandra Bose, affectionately called as Netaji, was one of the most prominent leaders of Indian freedom struggle. Though Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru have garnered much of the credit for successful culmination of Indian freedom struggle, the contribution of Subash Chandra Bose is no less. He has been denied his rightful place in the annals of Indian history. He founded Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) to overthrow British Empire from India and came to acquire legendary status among Indian masses.

Subhas Chandra Bose was born on January 23, 1897 in Cuttack, Orissa. His father Janaki Nath Bose was a famous lawyer and his mother Prabhavati Devi was a pious and religious lady. Subhas Chandra Bose was the ninth child among fourteen siblings. Subhas Chandra Bose was a brilliant student right from the childhood. He topped the matriculation examination of Calcutta province and graduated with a First Class in Philosophy from the Scottish Churches College in Calcutta. He was strongly influenced by Swami Vivekananda's teachings and was known for his patriotic zeal as a student. To fulfill his parents wishes he went to England in 1919 to compete for Indian Civil Services. In England he appeared for the Indian Civil Service competitive examination in 1920, and came out fourth in order of merit. However, Subhas Chandra Bose was deeply disturbed by the Jallianwalla Bagh massacre, and left his Civil Services apprenticeship midway to return to India in 1921

After returning to India Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose came under the influence of Mahatma Gandhi and joined the Indian National Congress. On Gandhiji's instructions, he started working under Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das, whom he later acknowledged his political guru. Soon he showed his leadership mettle and gained his way up in the Congress' hierarchy. In 1928 the Motilal Nehru Committee appointed by the Congress declared in favour of Domination Status, but Subhas Chandra Bose along with Jawaharlal Nehru opposed it, and both asserted that they would be satisfied with nothing short of complete independence for India. Subhas also announced the formation of the Independence League. Subhas Chandra Bose was jailed during Civil Disobedience movement in 1930. He was released in 1931 after Gandhi-Irwin pact was signed. He protested against the Gandhi-Irwin pact and opposed the suspension of Civil Disobedience movement specially when Bhagat Singh and his associates were hanged.

Subash Chandra Bose was soon arrested again under the infamous Bengal Regulation. After a year he was released on medical grounds and was banished from India to Europe. He took steps to establish centres in different European capitals with a view to promoting politico-cultural contacts between India and Europe. Defying the ban on his entry to India, Subash Chandra Bose returned to India and was again arrested and jailed for a year. After the General Elections of 1937, Congress came to power in seven states and Subash Chandra Bose was released. Shortly afterwards he was elected President of the Haripura Congress Session in 1938. During his term as Congress President, he talked of planning in concrete terms, and set up a National planning Committee in October that year. At the end of his first term, the presidential election to the Tripuri Congress session took place early 1939. Subhas Chandra Bose was re-elected, defeating Dr. Pattabhi Sitaramayya who had been backed by Mahatma Gandhi and the Congress Working Committee. Clouds of World War II were on the horizon and he brought a resolution to give the British six months to hand India over to the Indians, failing which there would be a revolt. There was much opposition to his rigid stand, and he resigned from the post of president and formed a progressive group known as the Forward Block.

Subhas Chandra Bose now started a mass movement against utilizing Indian resources and men for the great war. There was a tremendous response to his call and he was put under house arrest in Calcutta. In January 1941, Subhas Chandra Bose disappeared from his home in Calcutta and reached Germany via Afghanistan. Working on the maxim that "an enemy's enemy is a friend", he sought cooperation of Germany and Japan against British Empire. In January 1942, he began his regular broadcasts from Radio Berlin, which aroused tremendous enthusiasm in India. In July 1943, he arrived in Singapore from Germany. In Singapore he took over the reins of the Indian Independence Movement in East Asia from Rash Behari Bose and organised the Azad Hind Fauj (Indian National Army) comprising mainly of Indian prisoners of war. He was hailed as Netaji by the Army as well as by the Indian civilian population in East Asia. Azad Hind Fauj proceeded towards India to liberate it from British rule. Enroute it liberated Andeman and Nicobar Islands. The I.N.A. Head quarters was shifted to Rangoon in January 1944. Azad Hind Fauj crossed the Burma Border, and stood on Indian soil on March 18 ,1944.

However, defeat of Japan and Germany in the Second World War forced INA to retreat and it could not achieve its objective. Subhas Chandra Bose was reportedly killed in an air crash over Taipeh, Taiwan (Formosa) on August 18, 1945. Though it is widely believed that he was still alive after the air crash not much information could be found about him.